@import url('/ax-tokens.css');
.research-hero{margin:0 32px;background:var(--blue);display:grid;grid-template-columns:.95fr 1.05fr;gap:28px;padding:60px 34px 44px 0;align-items:start}.research-hero-copy h1{background:var(--ax-reading);margin:0;padding:28px 32px;font-size:clamp(42px,4.45vw,64px);line-height:1.04;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.025em;overflow-wrap:normal}.research-hero-copy h1 span{display:block}.research-hero-lead{background:var(--teal);padding:24px 32px;margin-top:22px;max-width:580px}.research-hero-lead p{font-size:19px;line-height:1.55;margin:0 0 22px;max-width:43ch}.hero-feature-links{display:grid;gap:0;margin:25px 32px 0;color:var(--ax-reading)}.hero-feature-links a{padding:15px 0;border-top:1px solid #597bbf;font-size:17px;line-height:1.45}.hero-feature-links a:hover{color:var(--teal)}.network-panel{color:var(--ax-reading);min-width:0;padding-top:4px}.network-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.network-heading h2{font-size:18px;font-weight:600;margin:0}.network-controls{display:flex;gap:6px;flex-shrink:0}.network-controls button{border:1px solid var(--ax-selected-border);color:var(--ax-reading);background:transparent;padding:8px 12px;min-width:40px;min-height:40px;font-size:13px}.network-controls button:hover{background:var(--ax-blue-hover)}.network-controls button:focus-visible,.network-node:focus-visible{outline-color:var(--teal)}#research-network{display:block;width:100%;touch-action:pan-y;overflow:hidden}.network-edge{fill:none;stroke:#7bacd6;stroke-width:1.4;opacity:.7;transition:opacity .16s}.network-node{cursor:pointer;transition:opacity .16s}.network-node rect{fill:var(--ax-reading);stroke:var(--ax-welcome-teal);stroke-width:1.8}.network-node text{font-family:'Source Sans 3','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif;font-size:15px;fill:var(--ax-blue);pointer-events:none}.network-node.topic>circle{fill:var(--ax-blue);stroke:var(--ax-welcome-teal);stroke-width:1.6}.network-node.topic .topic-centre{fill:var(--ax-welcome-teal)}.network-node.topic text{fill:#e8f4ff;font-size:14px}.network-node.selected rect,.network-node.selected>circle{stroke:var(--ax-reading);stroke-width:3;fill:var(--ax-welcome-teal)}.network-node.dragging{cursor:grabbing}.network-node.dimmed{opacity:.35}.network-edge.dimmed{opacity:.12}.network-hint{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:#c8dbff;margin:0 0 16px}.network-selection{border-top:1px solid #597bbf;padding-top:17px;min-height:106px}.network-selection h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:5px 0 10px}.network-selection>span{font-size:12px;color:#c8dbff}.network-selection>p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;margin:0;color:#d9e6ff}.network-selection a{font-size:14px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;color:var(--teal)}.network-selection strong{display:block;margin-bottom:8px}
.research-index{padding-block:74px 80px}.research-index .section-heading{gap:55px}.research-index h2{font-size:46px;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0}.research-filter-row{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;margin-top:35px;margin-bottom:28px}.research-filter-row>span{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap}.analysis-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px}.analysis-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;border:1px solid var(--ax-rule);background:var(--ax-reading);padding:30px 32px;min-width:0;box-shadow:none}.analysis-kind{display:block;font-size:14px;color:#005646;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:16px}.analysis-card h3{font-size:29px;line-height:1.2;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0 0 19px}.analysis-card>p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 26px}.analysis-card .text-link{align-self:flex-start;margin-top:auto;font-size:15px}.research-approach{padding-block:70px;background:var(--blue);color:var(--ax-reading)}.research-approach h2{font-size:46px;line-height:1.1;margin:0}.research-approach .section-heading>p{color:#d6e4ff}.thinking-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:34px;margin-top:42px}.thinking-grid>div{border-top:1px solid #6b87c5;padding-top:25px}.thinking-grid h3{font-size:25px;line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--teal)}.thinking-grid p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#d6e4ff;margin:0}.research-learning{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:80px;padding-block:68px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.research-learning h2{font-size:42px;line-height:1.2;margin:0}.research-learning p{font-size:19px;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 24px;color:var(--muted)}
.article-heading{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:50px}.article-back{display:inline-block;font-size:15px;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:42px}.article-heading .analysis-kind{margin-bottom:14px}.article-heading h1{font-size:clamp(40px,4.2vw,60px);line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.025em;max-width:23ch;margin:0 0 24px;font-weight:600}.article-heading>p{font-size:23px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);max-width:65ch;margin:0}.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr);gap:64px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:42px}.article-toc{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px;align-self:start;position:sticky;top:25px;font-size:15px}.article-toc a{color:var(--blue)}.article-body{max-width:830px;min-width:0}.article-body>section{margin-bottom:45px;scroll-margin-top:24px}.article-body h2{font-size:31px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 23px;letter-spacing:-.015em}.article-body p{font-size:19px;line-height:1.82;margin:0 0 22px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.article-body a{color:var(--blue);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.article-body #source-list{padding-left:23px}.article-body #source-list li{padding-left:4px;margin-bottom:25px}.article-body #source-list a{font-size:17px;line-height:1.55}.article-body #source-list p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.interactive-panel{background:var(--ax-tree);padding:26px 28px;border:1px solid var(--ax-rule)}.interactive-panel h2{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:22px}.interactive-panel svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible}.interactive-panel svg text{font-size:13px;font-family:'Source Sans 3','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif;fill:var(--ink)}.interactive-panel svg .chart-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:600}.stage-buttons{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:22px}.stage-buttons button,.model-controls button{border:1px solid var(--ax-button-border);background:var(--ax-reading);color:var(--ink);min-height:44px;padding:10px 15px;font-size:15px}.stage-buttons button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--blue);color:var(--ax-reading);border-color:var(--blue)}.stage-reading h3{font-size:23px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 16px}.stage-reading p{font-size:18px;margin:0}.article-body .interaction-caption{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);margin:22px 0 0}.model-controls{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:9px 20px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:20px}.control-label{font-size:16px;grid-column:1/-1}.model-controls input{width:100%;height:32px;accent-color:#007e69;margin:0;grid-column:1/-1}.model-output{font-size:17px;font-weight:600;color:var(--blue);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.article-body .greedy-result{font-size:17px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;margin:18px 0}.related-section{padding-block:55px 65px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.related-section h2{font-size:32px;margin:0 0 25px}.related-section .analysis-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.related-section .analysis-card{padding:24px}.related-section .analysis-card h3{font-size:24px}.related-section .analysis-card p{font-size:16px}
html[lang=zh-CN] .research-hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(42px,4.1vw,60px);line-height:1.25}html[lang=zh-CN] .article-heading h1{font-size:45px;line-height:1.25}html[lang=zh-CN] .analysis-card h3{font-size:26px}html[lang=zh-CN] .article-body p{line-height:1.9;font-size:18px}
@media(max-width:1160px){.research-hero{gap:25px;padding-right:25px}.research-hero-copy h1{font-size:50px;padding-inline:25px}.research-hero-lead{padding-inline:25px}.hero-feature-links{margin-inline:25px}.network-heading{gap:10px}.network-heading h2{font-size:16px}.network-controls button{padding:7px 9px;min-width:35px}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:40px}}
@media(max-width:850px){.research-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;margin:0 16px;padding:36px 0 24px;gap:32px}.research-hero-copy h1{font-size:49px;width:calc(100% - 22px);padding:23px 25px}.research-hero-lead{max-width:none;margin-top:18px;width:calc(100% - 22px);padding:22px 25px}.hero-feature-links{margin:23px 25px 0}.hero-feature-links a{font-size:17px}.network-panel{padding:0 18px}.network-heading{gap:15px}.network-heading h2{font-size:17px}.network-hint{font-size:12px}.network-selection{min-height:80px}.research-index{padding-block:48px}.research-index h2,.research-approach h2{font-size:36px}.research-filter-row{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:15px;margin-top:27px}.analysis-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}.analysis-card{padding:25px}.analysis-card h3{font-size:28px}.research-approach{padding-block:48px}.thinking-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:27px;margin-top:30px}.research-learning{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px;padding-block:48px}.research-learning h2{font-size:36px}.article-heading{padding-block:28px 35px}.article-back{margin-bottom:28px}.article-heading h1{font-size:39px}.article-heading>p{font-size:20px}.article-layout{display:block;padding-top:25px}.article-toc{position:static;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:11px 20px;margin-bottom:34px;font-size:14px}.article-body h2{font-size:29px}.article-body p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.75}.interactive-panel{padding:21px 16px;margin-inline:-8px}.interactive-panel h2{font-size:22px}.stage-buttons button{font-size:14px;padding:9px 12px}.model-output{font-size:15px}.model-controls{gap:9px}.model-controls button{font-size:14px;padding:9px 11px}.related-section{padding-block:38px}.related-section .analysis-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.related-section .analysis-card h3{font-size:26px}html[lang=zh-CN] .research-hero-copy h1{font-size:43px}html[lang=zh-CN] .article-heading h1{font-size:34px}}
@media(max-width:430px){.research-hero-copy h1{font-size:40px}.network-heading{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px}.network-heading h2{font-size:18px}.network-controls{gap:6px}.research-hero-lead p{font-size:18px}.article-heading h1{font-size:36px}.article-heading>p{font-size:19px}}

.network-controls button:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:default}

/* User-supplied logo: original pixels retained; viewport trims only outer whitespace. */
.site-header .brand{gap:8px;align-items:flex-start}
.brand-logo-window{display:block;position:relative;width:188px;height:118px;overflow:hidden;flex:none}
.brand-logo-image{position:absolute;width:220px;height:220px;max-width:none;left:-16px;top:-50px}
.site-header .brand-sub{max-width:300px;font-size:11px}
@media(max-width:850px){.brand-logo-window{width:132px;height:83px}.brand-logo-image{width:154px;height:154px;left:-11px;top:-35px}.site-header .brand-sub{max-width:205px;font-size:10px}.site-header{align-items:center}}
@media(max-width:430px){.site-header .brand-sub{max-width:170px;font-size:9px}.site-header .brand{gap:5px}.brand-logo-window{width:113px;height:71px}.brand-logo-image{width:132px;height:132px;left:-10px;top:-30px}}

/* Welcome refinement: two clear entry points within the established blue/teal identity. */
.research-home .research-hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr)}
.research-home .research-hero-copy{min-width:0}
.research-home .research-hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(36px,4.1vw,62px);line-height:1.12;text-wrap:balance}
.research-home .hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 22px}
.research-home .hero-actions .button{gap:16px}
.research-home .hero-research-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:48px;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}
.research-home .hero-research-link:hover{color:var(--ax-blue)}
.research-home .research-hero-lead .enrolment-note{font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;margin:18px 0 0}
.research-home .hero-actions a:focus-visible{outline-color:var(--ax-graphite)}
.research-home .hero-feature-links a:focus-visible{outline-color:var(--ax-welcome-teal)}
.research-home .research-learning h2,.research-home .analysis-card h3{text-wrap:balance}
.research-home .learning-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px 24px}
.research-home .learning-actions .text-link{white-space:normal}
.research-home .research-learning .enrolment-note{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:22px}
@media(max-width:1050px) and (min-width:851px){
 .research-home .site-header{gap:20px;padding-inline:28px}
 .research-home .desktop-nav{gap:18px;font-size:15px}
 .research-home .header-actions{gap:16px}
 .research-home .research-hero-copy h1{font-size:36px;padding-inline:24px}
}
@media(max-width:850px){
 .research-home .research-hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
 .research-home .research-hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(29px,6.5vw,49px)}
 .research-home .hero-actions{align-items:flex-start;gap:6px 20px}
 .research-home .hero-actions .button{max-width:100%;text-align:left}
 .research-home .research-hero-lead p{line-height:1.6}
}
@media(max-width:430px){
 .research-home .research-hero-copy h1,.research-home .research-hero-lead{width:calc(100% - 16px);padding-inline:20px}
 .research-home .hero-actions{flex-direction:column}
 .research-home .site-header{gap:12px}
 .research-home .header-actions{gap:8px}
 html[lang=zh-CN] .research-home .research-hero-copy h1{font-size:36px}
}